Historical production and announced expansion of lithium-ion battery manufacturing maximum output by region, and battery deployment needs by scenario, 2024, 2025, 2030

Sources

IEA analysis based on EV Volumes, Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, and Bloomberg New Energy Finance.

Notes

STEPS = Stated Policies Scenario; CPS = Current Policies Scenario. Increased utilisation refers to the gap between 2025 production levels and existing capacity being utilised at 85%, which is assumed to be the maximum average utilisation rate. A utilisation rate of 85% is also used for committed and preliminary manufacturing capacity. Production refers to the production of batteries that are deployed in a given year, while stockpiling is excluded. See Annex C in Global EV Outlook 2026 for more details.