Global public energy RD&D budget, 2015-2022

Sources

IEA (2023). Energy Technology RD&D Budgets: Overview (https://www.iea.org/reports/iea-guide-to-reporting-energy-rdd-budget-expenditure-statistics).

Notes

Includes spending on demonstration projects (i.e. RD&D) wherever reported by governments as defined in IEA documentation; 2022 is a preliminary estimate based on data available by mid-May 2022; state-owned enterprise funds comprise a significant share of the Chinese total, for which the 2022 estimate is based on reported company spending where available; IEA estimates for countries including India and Russia include state-owned enterprise R&D, which was not included in WEI 2022; the IEA Secretariat has estimated US data from public sources.