Global new car sales by powertrain, 2000-2024

Last updated 8 Oct 2025

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Sources

IEA analysis based on Marklines and EV Volumes.

Notes

ICEV = internal combustion engine vehicle; HEV = hybrid electric vehicle; PHEV = plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; BEV = battery electric vehicle; FCEV = fuel cell electric vehicle. “HEV” includes only full hybrid electric cars (FHEV). “ICEV” includes both conventional ICE cars and mild-hybrid electric cars (MHEV), typically featuring 48V hybrid powertrain architecture).

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