Global heat demand by temperature level and sector, 2024

Notes

Industrial heat pumps with temperature ranges below 120°C have entered commercial operation in recent years. Heat pumps are now starting to enter commercial operation for temperatures below 160°C, while still at the demonstration, prototype or concept stage for higher temperature levels, such as those in the 201-400°C and >400°C series in this figure. For more information, see the ETP Clean Energy Technology Guide and the IEA HPT TCP Annex 68.