Global average share of battery electric car value captured by domestic production for different import scenarios, 2024

Sources

IEA analysis based on data from IEA (2025), Global EV Outlook, Bloomberg, BNEF.

Notes

CAM = Cathode active material; AAM = Anode active material. Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide 811 (NMC811) and artificial graphite are considered as CAM and AAM, respectively. Domestic supply chain refers to a hypothetical case where every single component of the electric car is produced domestically – automakers typically import at least 10% of their components. The electric car value refers to its final price, which here is assumed to be around USD 30 000. The battery pack size is assumed to be almost 75 kWh. Each percentage associated with the battery supply chain reflects the share of an electric car’s value that is imported for a specific step of the supply chain. Therefore, the percentages reported are additive in case a downstream product which used upstream components produced abroad is imported. For example, importing a battery cell using components and critical minerals not produced domestically would lead to a net loss of 20% (12%+4%+4%) of the electric’s car value. Critical minerals accounts for the cathode and anode materials as well as rare earth elements for the electric motor, but excludes copper. For instance, importing a battery pack implies that the battery cells, CAM, AAM, and critical minerals were produced abroad. Importing the assembled car assumes that the vehicle’s components (motor, power electronics, etc.) are produced abroad. See Annex A for full assumptions and costs used.