Evolution of global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion implied between first and current Nationally Determined Contributions, 2030

Notes

CO2 emissions estimates are fuel combustion only and exclude international bunkers. NDCs values are IEA estimates for CO2 emissions in the energy sector only, excluding industrial processes. The terminology “current NDCs” includes updated first, second and updated second NDCs submitted to October 2023. The values displayed for the first and current NDCs consider the unconditional and conditional mitigation pledges of individual parties.