Electric vehicle battery pack driving range and price by chemistry at constant size, 2025

Sources

IEA analysis based on data from CATL, Yao et al., Sphere Energy, Samsung, Sunwoda.

Notes

Li-ion – lithium-ion; LFP = Lithium iron phosphate; NMC = Lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. Sodium-ion refers to CATL’s Naxtra battery. Generations refer to commercial product generations. All battery packs are assumed to have a volume of 200 litres, and all cars a fuel economy of 15 kWh/100 km based on the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP). Li-ion and sodium-ion battery pack are assumed to have a packing efficiency (the fraction of battery pack volume occupied by battery cells) of 72% and of 60% for solid-state batteries, to account for greater needs for compressors and safety devices in the latter. The lighter blue bar refers to estimates based on currently publicly available information and company announcements.