Current and potential removal costs through DAC and BECCS

Notes

BECCS = bioenergy with carbon capture and storage; DAC = direct air capture and storage. Potential reflects levelised costs that could be reached after technology learning and scale effects, and without the cost premiums that are typically associated with first-of-a-kind plants. Historical averages on voluntary carbon markets are based on deals between January 2021 and May 2025, based on data from S&P Global (2025) and CDR.fyi.