Cumulative new trade policies covering clean technologies, 2015-2024

Notes

Each count indicates a single instance of a trade measure impacting solar PV, wind turbines, batteries, EVs, heat pumps or electrolysers, and their components. This includes EVs and battery cells, anode and cathode; solar PV modules, cells, wafers and polysilicon; wind nacelles and blades; heat pumps and electrolysers. Any measure that includes several of these technologies is counted once per provision. Trade policies considered include changes in import or export tariffs, anti-dumping duty and countervailing measures, import or export control and bans, and other non-tariff measures, such as import or export licensing and quotas. The scope of FTAs is investigated separately and is not included in the chart.