Concentration along heat pump supply chains, 2023

Sources

Energy Technology Perspectives (IEA, 2024), UN Comtrade database (2024).

Notes

Trade flows for compressors and refrigerant feedstock are derived on the basis of HS codes 841430 (Compressors; of a kind used in refrigerating equipment), 252921 (Fluorspar; containing by weight 97% or less of calcium fluoride), and are calculated in monetary terms. Trade flows for heat pumps are based on analysis from Energy Technology Perspectives 2024 and are calculated in capacity terms. Trade flows are computed using the following regional aggregates: European Union, North America, Japan, Other Europe, China, Other Asia Pacific, Central and South America, Rest of World. Refrigerant feedstock = fluorspar.