Comparing efficiency quartiles of global industrial SME energy demand and savings potential, 2023

Sources

IEA analysis based on Industrial Assessment Centers (2002-2024), IAC Database, OECD (2026), Structural Business Statistics and IEA (2025), World Energy Balances.

Notes

SME= small and medium-sized enterprises. The SME share of global energy demand is estimated for each sector using turnover shares for SMEs and large firms, then an energy use weight for each efficiency quartile from the IAC database data is applied. This estimation assumes that value added is randomly distributed across firms. Energy demand may also differ due to product composition, specifications and value.