Comparative life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of a mid-size BEV and ICE vehicle

Sources

IEA analysis based on IEA (2020c); Kelly et al. (2020); Argonne National Laboratory (2020).

Notes

The “High-GHG minerals” case assumes double the GHG emission intensity for battery minerals (70 kgCO2-eq/kWh compared to 35 kgCO2-eq/kWh in the base case; other assumptions are the same). The values are for a vehicle manufactured from today’s manufacturing lines assuming dynamic global average grid carbon intensity in the SDS (including transmissions, distribution and charging losses, weighted for mileage decay over a 20-year lifetime). The ranges shown for BEV represent cases for charging with a static low-carbon (50 gCO2-eq/kWh) and high-carbon electricity mix (800 gCO2-eq/kWh). Vehicle assumptions: 200 000 km lifetime mileage; ICE fuel economy 6.8 Lge/100 km; BEV fuel economy 0.19 kWh/km; BEV battery 40 kWh NMC622. NMC622 = nickel manganese cobalt in a 6:2:2 ratio. Lge = litre of gasoline-equivalent.