Sources

IEA analysis based on Afrobarometer Round 9 and 10 (2026); World Bank Enterprise Survey Database (2026).

Notes

Changes are expressed in percentage points, using Afrobarometer Rounds 9 and 10 for households and the World Bank Enterprise Surveys database for businesses. Household reliability is measured as the share of grid-connected households reporting electricity availability most of the time or always. Business reliability is measured as the share of firms experiencing power outages in the last 30 days. Latest available data varies per country from 2006-2025.

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