Bitcoin energy use estimates

Last updated 5 Jul 2019

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Sources

"Other peer-reviewed studies" includes Krause & Tolaymat (2018), Stoll et al. (2019); "Other studies" includes Rauchs et al. (2019), De Vries (2018a), BNEF (2018), Morgan Stanley (2018), Deetman (2017), Hileman & Rauchs (2017), Vranken (2017)

Notes

Published estimates are plotted on the date of submission or publication, whichever is earlier.

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