Average global levelised cost of selected materials and energy related regional variation, 2024 – Charts – Data & Statistics - IEA

Notes

BF-BOF= Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace, EAF= Electric Arc Furnace, SMR= Steam Methane Reforming. Other costs includes CAPEX, OPEX and material costs. Energy includes fuels consumed for energy and feedstock purposes. Regional variation reflects only differences in fuel price and energy intensity. Fuel prices ranges are USD 1.5-10/GJ for coal, USD 1-20/GJ for natural gas and USD 35-260/MWh for electricity (USD 5-100/MWh for aluminium smelting). CO2 pricing and subsidies are not considered. For steel, BF-BOF assumes no scrap input.

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