Average global levelised cost of aluminium and energy related regional variation, 2024

Notes

The Hall-Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium. It involves dissolving aluminium oxide in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell. Other costs includes CAPEX, OPEX and material costs. Energy includes fuels consumed for energy and feedstock purposes. Regional variation reflects only differences in fuel price and energy intensity. Fuel prices ranges are USD 1.5-10/GJ for coal, USD 1-20/GJ for natural gas and USD 35-260/MWh for electricity (USD 5-100/MWh for aluminium smelting). CO2 pricing and subsidies are not considered. For steel, BF-BOF assumes no scrap input.