Average annual global investment in hydrogen and natural gas infrastructure in the Net Zero Scenario, 2016-2050

Notes

LH2 = liquefied hydrogen; HRS = hydrogen refuelling station. Investments in LH2 shipping are for liquefaction facilities, storage tanks at export and import terminals, and LH2 tankers. Investments in ammonia shipping are for storage tanks at export and import terminals, and ammonia tankers. Ammonia conversion includes the costs associated with converting hydrogen to ammonia using the Haber-Bosch process and reconversion to hydrogen using ammonia cracking, only when hydrogen in the form of H2 is delivered. Investments in natural gas infrastructure include transmission and distribution pipelines, liquefaction and regasification terminals and liquefied natural gas tankers.