Additional direct manufacturing costs compared to costs in China for a small SUV by country and by powertrain, 2024

Last updated 8 Oct 2025

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Sources

IEA analysis based on ICCT, UBS, BNEF, S&P Global Mobility and US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Notes

BEV = battery electric vehicle; ICEV = internal combustion engine vehicle. In all countries analysed, BEVs are based on a 150-kW electric drivetrain and feature a 75-kWh battery. ICEVs are powered by an 80-kW engine. “Other direct manufacturing costs” include chassis, body-in-white, exterior, interior and electronic equipment.

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