• Policy

        • Germany

        • 2020

        Grant "Hydrogen Republic of Germany" - Flagship Projects and Basic Research

        The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has launched a research initiative with a budget exceeding €700 million to advance key hydrogen technologies. It focuses on three flagship projects: H2Giga, which supports the mass production of large-scale electrolysers; H2Mare, which explores hydrogen production at sea; and TransHyDE, which investigates hydrogen storage and transport solutions. The TransHyDE project alone received €145 million in funding for the 2021–2025 period.

        • Policy

        • Jordan

        • 2017

        Energy Academy in Germany and Jordan

        …employment challenges, as a counterpart to the country’s Vision 2025 strategy that targeted a reduction in unemployment from 13% to 8-9.2% by 2025. At the same time, building off a high-level energy dialogue between Jordan and Germany in 2016, the governments upgraded to an Energy Partnership in 2019. Under the partnership the two countries agreed to set up the German Energy Academy in Jordan. The training facility leverages German experience in building clean energy systems, with an aim to upskill and reskill technicians in clean energy technology areas such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, smart grids…

        • Country

        Czechia

        Czechia has decoupled economic growth from energy consumption since 2009, yet the country’s energy and carbon intensity remain above the IEA average, which highlights the need to make energy efficiency the “first principle” of energy policy. Fossil fuels are still essential building blocks of the energy mix with coal as the single largest fuel for total energy supply and electricity generation. The country is committed to phase-out coal by 2033 and is putting in place a framework for an inclusive transition. Nuclear is the second largest electricity source and the government plans to build new nuclear units at…

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        • Country report

        • May 2026

        Austria 2026

        Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Austria and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive…

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        • Country

        Sweden

        Sweden is a global leader in decarbonisation and has targets to cut greenhouse gas emissions 59% by 2030 compared with 2005, and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2045. Sweden was the first country to introduce carbon pricing and has the highest carbon price in the world, which has proven effective at driving decarbonisation. Most of Sweden’s electricity supply comes from hydro and nuclear, along with a growing contribution from wind. Heating is supplied mainly through bioenergy-based district heating and heat pumps.
        Most of Sweden’s greenhouse gas emissions come from the transport sector, which remains…

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        • Policy

        • Switzerland

        • 2025

        Agreement concerning Solidarity Measures to Safeguard the Security of Gas Supply between the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Government of the Swiss Confederation and the Government of the Italian Republic

        By joining the solidarity agreement between Germany and Italy, Switzerland is gaining an additional mechanism to safeguard gas supplies for protected customers on its territory. These protected customers include, in particular, households, hospitals, and emergency services. The agreement enables Switzerland to request solidarity support from the two other participating states in order to ensure the supply of protected customers in Switzerland. In return, Switzerland may also be called upon to provide solidarity assistance in the event of an emergency. In addition, all three countries commit to maintaining existing transport capacities within their gas networks and to refraining from imposing restrictions…

        • Country

        Hungary

        Hungary was among the first countries globally, in June 2020, to make a legal commitment to become carbon neutral by 2050 and plans to phase out coal by 2030 at the latest. Enhanced energy efficiency, increased renewable and nuclear electricity and electrification of end-use sectors are identified as the key drivers towards the 2050 target. Hungary plans to build two new nuclear unit and while solar PV has grown notably, wind lacks behind its potential but the change in siting limits for wind turbines are likely to have a positive impact on the sector.

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        • Country

        Luxembourg

        Luxembourg has a fossil fuel intensive energy mix driven by a high demand for transportation fuels, notably from transiting freight trucks and commuters. Despite this demand, the country is committed to reducing emissions. Its climate law sets targets for a 55% emission reduction by 2030 and climate neutrality target by 2050. The government has adopted numerous measures to push for energy transition, including a carbon tax which was introduced in 2020 and encouraging renewable generation through subsidies and auctions. Several programmes also support energy efficiency in buildings, industry and transportation, with a target for 49% of all passenger cars to…

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        • Country

        Gibraltar

        Gibraltar

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        • Country

        Türkiye

        Rapid economic and population growth in Türkiye over the past two decades have not only driven strong growth in energy demand, but also an associated increase in import dependency. As a result, Türkiye has pursued a restructuring of its energy system with the aim of rationalising energy demand growth, lowering energy prices and slowing the pace of import growth.
        These reforms have included measures targeted at modernisation, liberalisation and increased domestic production capacity. Notably, Türkiye has seen considerable diversification of its energy mix in the past decade. Renewable electricity generation has tripled in the past decade and the commissioning of…

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