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Net Zero Emissions
An increasing number of countries have been making pledges to reduce their emissions to net zero in the coming decades. To inform these efforts, the IEA released a first-of-its-kind Net Zero Roadmap in 2021, outlining what would be required within the energy sector to achieve this goal at the global level by mid-century. An update to the Roadmap, which has served as an essential benchmark for policy makers, industry, the financial sector and civil society, was published in 2023.The Roadmap is based on the IEA’s Net Zero Emissions (NZE) Scenario, which portrays a pathway for the…
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COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes
…a pathway to net zero energy sector emissions by mid-century. This assessment is based on the latest comprehensive energy sector data, as compiled for the Global Energy Review 2025.This page represents the latest IEA data, analysis and scenarios and is updated as new material becomes available.To view charts with the latest tracking data, click the grey arrows on the righthand side of the page. Global tracking indicators Next steps Raising the bar for the next round of NDCs Following the conclusion of the first Global Stocktake process at COP28, countries are developing the second cycle of Nationally Determined Contributions…
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Saving Energy
…warm air inside. Unless your home is very new, you will lose heat through draughty doors and windows, gaps in the floor, or up the chimney. Draught-proof these gaps with sealant or weather stripping to save up to EUR 100 a year. Install tight-fitting curtains or shades on windows to retain even more heat. Close fireplace and chimney openings (unless a fire is burning) to stop warm air escaping straight up the chimney. And if you never use your fireplace, seal the chimney to stop heat escaping.4. Lightbulbs: swap them outReplace old lightbulbs with new LED ones…
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Energy Innovation
CERT co-ordinates and promotes the development, demonstration and deployment of clean energy technologies. The CERT has established five working parties: the Working Party on Fossil Energy; the Working Party on Renewable Energy Technologies; the Working Party on Energy End-Use Technologies; the Fusion Power Co-ordinating Committee and the Working Party of Industrial Decarbonisation. The CERT has also established an Experts' Group on R&D Priority-Setting and Evaluation (EGRD) to advise on R&D priority-setting, linkages to governmental policy objectives and methods in the evaluation of R&D activities, and an understanding of emerging R&D topics. Energy…
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Investment
…mobilising capital. This initiative includes a dashboard that offers free data on financing costs for clean energy projects, tools and analysis to help governments identify and address investment risks, and case studies showcasing successful strategies for mobilising capital. Globally, energy investment by governments, households and businesses is expected to reach a new high of $3.3 trillion in 2025. How this spending is allocated has major consequences for energy security, affordability and transitions around the world.The IEA regularly tracks capital flows in the energy sector, identifying key trends and studying their impact. Analyses such as our flagship World Energy Investment report…
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Access and Affordability
…electrified with high resolution and high accuracy. The tool can be applied to satellite images of entire countries, and produce significantly improved estimates for planners, utilities, and off-grid solar companies to identify target customers and communities. New scenario shows pathway to universal electricity access within a decade Progress on electricity access has been remarkable in recent decades. Since 2000, the number of people without electricity has fallen by almost a billion, and 40 countries have reached near-universal access. After setbacks related to the Covid-19 pandemic and the global energy crisis, the global trend is once again downward…
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The Middle East and Global Energy Markets
…supported by ship-to-ship transfers in the Gulf of Oman. Yet our latest Oil Market Report, published on 17 June, notes that even if the new agreement holds, a full recovery in flows is unlikely to be immediate. Mines will need to be cleared from the main shipping lanes and supply chains will take time to normalise. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have successfully redirected some exports to terminals loading outside of the Strait of Hormuz. Producers outside the Middle East have also pushed output higher and lifted exports to record levels in response to the…
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Energy and Gender
It comprises a number of senior officials from IEA Member countries, facilitating the exchange of best practices on gender equality and inclusion and gender mainstreaming across the energy sector. Women are vital energy consumers, producers and decision-makers who make a crucial contribution to global energy security and energy transitions. Building a more secure, fair and equitable energy future hinges on their active participation.Recognising this, the IEA’s Member countries have asked the Agency to focus on key issues at the nexus of energy and gender, from improving gender data collection to expanding analysis of the gender dimensions of…
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Artificial Intelligence
…the IEA launched a major new initiative in 2024: Energy for AI, and AI for Energy. As part of this work, the IEA organised the Global Conference on Energy and AI, a first-of-its-kind platform for dialogue among governments, the energy industry, the tech sector, researchers and civil society.In April 2025, the IEA published Energy and AI, a groundbreaking report that provides the most comprehensive, data-driven global analysis on the energy-AI nexus to date, as well as a follow-up report addressing new trends and questions in April 2026.As the tech sector and energy…
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Critical Minerals
Critical minerals are essential for a range of today’s energy technologies and for the broader economy. For example, lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and graphite are crucial to battery performance. Rare earth elements are essential indispensable to the permanent magnets used in wind turbines and electric vehicle motors. Electricity networks need a huge amount of aluminium and copper, the latter of which is the cornerstone of all electricity-related technologies. As demand for these materials grows strongly, their strategic importance has also increased – and policymakers have made ensuring secure and resilient mineral supply chains a major priority. Critical Minerals Security…