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Country
Mali
In recent years, the rate of access to electricity in Mali has surpassed 25%, thanks to a public focus on mini-grid solutions. The government of Mali now plans to increase hybridisation of its mini-grids by adding PV capacity to diesel power plants. In 2019, Mali’s energy mix was dominated by biofuels and wastes (65%) and oil products (32%), with coal and hydro accounting for the rest. In 2020, less than 5% of the population had access to clean cooking and 52% had access to electricity. For electricity access, the country targets 70% access by 2025, 80% by…
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Ethiopia
In Ethiopia, while electricity reaches less than half of the population, great progress has been made over the past two decades. The National Electrification Program, launched in 2017, outlines a plan to reach universal access by 2025, aiming to supply 35% of the population with off-grid solutions. Meanwhile, Ethiopia is diversifying its hydro-dominated installed generation mix in favour of solar, wind and geothermal to pursue a more climate-resilient power system and reach economic development objectives.
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Norway
Norway has set ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and establishing a low-emissions society by 2050. As an energy-rich country, Norway is in a unique starting position with respect to the energy transition. An abundance of affordable hydropower has enabled the development of energy-intensive industries and a high level of electrification of homes and businesses with limited greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, as a major oil and gas producer and exporter, Norway will need to support an evolution of its energy sector amid the global energy transition. Altogether, Norway has the opportunity to lead…
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Mauritania
In 2019, Mauritania’s energy mix was dominated by oil products (65%) and biofuels and waste (32%). In 2020, 43% of the population had access to clean cooking which is the highest share in West Africa. In 2020, 47% of the population had access to electricity. For electricity access, the country targets universal access in urban areas and doubling of the current rate in rural areas by 2024, with country-wide universal access by 2030. For clean cooking, the target is 100% access to LPG in urban areas and 50% access to LPG in rural areas by 2030.
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Madagascar
Around a quarter of the population of Madagascar has access to electricity, and only 1.5% has access to clean cooking facilities. In 2019, Madagascar’s energy mix was dominated by biofuels and wastes (85%), with oil products (11%), coal and hydro accounting for the rest of the total energy supply. In 2020, less than 5% of the population had access to clean cooking and 27% had access to electricity. The Government of Madagascar has set a target of reaching 70% electricity access rate by 2030.
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Finland
Finland has one of the most ambitious climate targets, a legal obligation to reach carbon neutrality by 2035. It is making progress towards this target and has one of the lowest levels of reliance on fossil fuels among IEA member countries. Finland’s forests, which historically offset significant greenhouse gas emissions, have become a net emissions source. A continued push towards the energy transition is needed, as imported fossil fuels still account for over one-third of energy supply and cover higher shares in transport and key industries.
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Country
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan’s hydro-rich energy sector is characterised by aging infrastructure and significant losses, which are exacerbated by a combination of weather-related shocks and growing demand. Energy policy aims to improve energy security by developing indigenous energy sources and rehabilitating and expanding transmission and distribution networks. Developing sustainable energy and improving energy efficiency are also priorities, while slowly removing subsidies will allow for further investment and expansion of domestic resources. Kyrgyzstan is part of the EU4Energy Programme, which is focused on evidence-based policymaking in the energy sector.
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Korea
Korea has set a target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2050 by substantially increasing the share of renewable energy sources, gradually phasing out coal, significantly improving energy efficiency and fostering the country’s nascent hydrogen industry. Korea’s energy sector is characterised by a dominance of fossil fuels, a strong dependence on energy imports and one of the highest shares of industrial energy use among IEA countries. Korea aims to leverage the fourth industrial revolution for its energy transition and to foster green growth by means of low-carbon technologies and clean energy. Due to Korea’s high share of…
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South Africa
Coal is the mainstay of the South African energy system, meeting around 70% of installed power generation capacity. The 2019 Integrated Resource Plan however sets out a long-term diversification of the power mix by 2030 and moves towards lightening the carbon footprint of the energy sector while meeting growing energy demand and ensuring a socio-economically just transition. While the options to diversify the country's electricity mix appear diverse, the affordability of electricity supply looms as a key concern and a potential constraint on diversification. The structure of consumption and of spending on electricity is skewed towards higher…
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Yemen
In Yemen, less than half of the population has access to electricity. In 2010, the government launched a National Strategy for renewable energy and energy efficiency, which aims to develop grid and off-grid renewable energy and targets a 15% share of renewable electricity generation by 2025.
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