• Country

        Indonesia

        Indonesia’s imports of oil have rapidly increased in recent years. This resource-rich nation is the world’s fourth-largest producer of coal and Southeast Asia’s biggest gas supplier. The country is the largest producer of biofuels worldwide and it is scaling up efforts to exploit its renewable energy potential. Indonesia's importance is underscored by its sizeable population of 250 million people – the fourth-largest in the world – and its significant role as a major producer and consumer of energy in regional and international markets. Indonesia is also the largest economy in ASEAN and an active member…

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        Japan

        Japan’s energy policy is guided by principles of energy security, economic efficiency, environmental sustainability and safety. Achieving the aim of carbon-neutrality by 2050 will require substantially accelerating the deployment of low-carbon technologies by 2030, to address regulatory and institutional barriers and further enhance competition in energy markets. It will also be important to develop different decarbonisation scenarios and to prepare for the possibility that certain low-carbon technologies, such as nuclear, might not expand as quickly as hoped. Stronger reliance on market-based instruments, such as carbon pricing, could be one policy option for Japan to cost…

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        Sweden

        Sweden is a global leader in decarbonisation and has targets to cut greenhouse gas emissions 59% by 2030 compared with 2005, and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2045. Sweden was the first country to introduce carbon pricing and has the highest carbon price in the world, which has proven effective at driving decarbonisation. Most of Sweden’s electricity supply comes from hydro and nuclear, along with a growing contribution from wind. Heating is supplied mainly through bioenergy-based district heating and heat pumps.
        Most of Sweden’s greenhouse gas emissions come from the transport sector, which remains…

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        Pakistan

        In Pakistan, most of the primary energy supply comes from oil and natural gas. Hydropower is the main renewable source of energy in the country but wind and solar PV’s shares are slowly growing. More than 40 million people remain without access to electricity and half the population lack access to clean cooking facilities.

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        • Country

        Georgia

        Georgia has developed an energy sector based largely on hydropower and fuelwood, in addition to imports of fossil fuels. It is also an important transit country for the region, with major oil and gas pipelines running across Georgian territory. Efforts are required to improve energy efficiency and capitalise on the country’s renewable energy potential.
        Georgia has made solid progress in the past decade, both in improving the security of its energy supply and in transitioning to a cleaner, more sustainable energy system. Although Georgia is still confronted with many challenges in its transition to a more secure, sustainable and…

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        • Country

        Slovak Republic

        The key objectives of the Slovak energy policy agenda are: increasing efficiency in the power and end‐use sectors, reducing energy intensity, reducing dependence on energy imports, expanding the use of nuclear power, increasing the share of renewables in the heat and electricity sectors, and supporting the use of alternative fuels for transport. With these sound objectives in place, the government should now focus on the cost‐effective implementation of concrete actions. Mining of coal for electricity production ended in 2023 and an additional nuclear unit was commissioned. The country remains dependent on energy imports from Russia, making energy security…

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        • Country

        Cuba

        Cuba’s energy supply mainly comes from oil products, accounting for over 80% of power generation.

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        • Country

        Bulgaria

        Bulgaria adopted The Energy from Renewable Sources Act in 2011. The Act regulates the generation and consumption of energy from renewable sources with the aim of achieving the national targets in terms of renewable energy use in final gross energy consumption.

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        • Country

        Kyrgyzstan

        Kyrgyzstan’s hydro-rich energy sector is characterised by aging infrastructure and significant losses, which are exacerbated by a combination of weather-related shocks and growing demand. Energy policy aims to improve energy security by developing indigenous energy sources and rehabilitating and expanding transmission and distribution networks. Developing sustainable energy and improving energy efficiency are also priorities, while slowly removing subsidies will allow for further investment and expansion of domestic resources. Kyrgyzstan is part of the EU4Energy Programme, which is focused on evidence-based policymaking in the energy sector.

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        • Country

        Philippines

        The Philippines has made significant progress in delivering electricity access, boosting the household electrification rate past 90% in 2016. The country is on track to meet the target of achieving universal electrification by 2022, as set out in the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022.

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