Average annual investment in technologies that are today at pre-commercial or early adoption stages by maturity level in the Sustainable Development Scenario, 2020-2070

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Government of Georgia spending on RD&D, 2015-2019

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Early-stage venture capital investment in clean energy start-ups by technology area, 2015-2022

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Growth-stage venture capital investment in clean energy start-ups by technology area, 2015-2022

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Spending on energy R&D by governments, 2015-2022

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Evolution of public low-carbon energy RD&D budget in IEA member countries, 1974-2021

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Global public energy RD&D budget, 2015-2021

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Global public low-carbon energy RD&D budget, 2015-2021

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Global public energy RD&D budget, 2015-2022

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Evolution of IEA total public energy RD&D by technology, 1974-2021

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2002 and 2021 budgets by technology in selected IEA countries and in the European Union

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Public energy RD&D budgets by country for IEA members and the European union, 2021

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