Reference Scenario

The Reference Scenario presents projections for supply and demand of oil, gas, coal, renewables, nuclear and electricity to 2030. It also assesses energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. The projections incorporate the latest energy-market and price developments as well as macroeconomic conditions. It covers 21 separate regions and the world as a whole. For the first time, separate projections for the United States and Canada are be provided. This change reflects both the different energy context of the two countries and their positions as net importer and net exporter.